Stephen Walt+

The Next Era of Deterrence

The world has entered a transformational era defined by the accelerating convergence of biology, AI, bioengineering, and digital infrastructure—Bioconvergence. This process is transforming how biological capabilities are discovered and developed, challenging traditional national security frameworks and risking catastrophic risks to the U.S. and our allies and partners around the world. New threats require new responses. In this video, Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall - former U.S. Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Deputy National Security Advisor, and the 2026-2027 Ashton B. Car

The Next Era of Deterrence

The world has entered a transformational era defined by the accelerating convergence of biology, AI, bioengineering, and digital infrastructure—Bioconvergence. This process is transforming how biological capabilities are discovered and developed, challenging traditional national security frameworks and risking catastrophic risks to the U.S. and our allies and partners around the world. New threats require new responses. In this video, Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall - former U.S. Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Deputy National Security Advisor, and the 2026-2027 Ashton B. Car

第十课：国际贸易与应对气候变化的政策

《国际贸易与应对气候变化的政策》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. This course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting companies. In Lecture 10 of the series, Professor Joseph Aldy, Professor of the Practice of Public Policy, explains how carbon emissions are embedded in international trade, the risks stemming from differences in the climate policies of countries, and how to design po

第9课：气候融资

《气候融资》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. This course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 9 of the series, Professor Akash Deep, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, explains what climate finance is, the challenges associated with mobilizing enough finance to address climate change impacts, and some innovative approaches to climate finance. Engli

第8课：极端天气

《极端天气》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. This course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 8 of the series, Professor Daniel Schrag, Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology and Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering, explains how climate change affects temperatures and precipitation, contributing to extreme weather events such as hurrica

第7课：土地利用、能源转型和生物燃料

《土地利用、能源转型和生物燃料》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. In Lecture 7 of the series, Professor Daniel Schrag, Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology and Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering, explains the challenges of land use for the energy transition - in particular, the challenge of balancing the need to expand forests for carbon sequestration with the need to expand land use for renewable energy an

第6课：能源效率

《能源效率》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. The course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 6 of the series, Professor Henry Lee, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, covers what energy efficiency is, how it is measured, how it can contribute to climate mitigation, and how it can be incentivized in industry and transportation. English Version (英文版)

第5课：碳捕获与储存

《碳捕获与储存》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. The course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 5 of the series, Professor Daniel Schrag, Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology and Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering, explains how carbon capture and storage works, as well as its potential role in decarbonizing the world's energy systems.

第4课：电力与气候转型的挑战

《电力与气候转型的挑战》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. The course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 4 of the series, Professor Henry Lee, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, covers how the electric grid works and how climate change will change how we produce, transport, and use electricity. English Version (英文版): https://youtu.be/Qy6dA2E8rxw Video P

第3课：应对气候变化及风险的政策措施

《应对气候变化及风险的政策措施》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. The course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 3, Professor Joseph Aldy, Professor of the Practice of Public Policy, covers the economics of climate mitigation and adaptation, the key policies used for climate mitigation and adaptation, and an overview of the global climate and energy policy l

第2课：能源与气候变化的未来

《能源与气候变化的未来》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. The course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 2 of the series, Professor John Holdren, Teresa and John Heinz Research Professor of Environmental Policy, covers possible scenarios of future climate change and introduces the options for mitigating or adapting to climate change impacts. English Ver

开篇：能源-气候挑战

《开篇：能源-气候挑战》 In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. The course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 1 of the series, Professor John Holdren, Teresa and John Heinz Research Professor of Environmental Policy, introduces climate processes and the role of greenhouse gases, the role of society's energy systems in disrupting the climate, and the impacts o

Lecture 10: International Trade and Climate Policy

In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. This course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting companies. In Lecture 10 of the series, Professor Joseph Aldy, Professor of the Practice of Public Policy, explains how carbon emissions are embedded in international trade, the risks stemming from differences in the climate policies of countries, and how to design policies to manage t

Lecture 9: Climate Finance

In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. This course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 9 of the series, Professor Akash Deep, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, explains what climate finance is, the challenges associated with mobilizing enough finance to address climate change impacts, and some innovative approaches to climate finance. Chinese-Langu

Lecture 8: Extreme Weather

In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. This course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 8 of the series, Professor Daniel Schrag, Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology and Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering, explains how climate change affects temperatures and precipitation, contributing to extreme weather events such as hurricanes, wil

Lecture 7: Land Use, the Energy Transition, and Biofuels

In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. This course focuses on the United States and China, the world's two largest carbon-emitting countries. In Lecture 7 of the series, Professor Daniel Schrag, Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology and Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering, explains the challenges of land use for the energy transition - in particular, the challenge of balancing the need to expand fores

Lecture 6: Energy Efficiency

In "The Energy-Climate Challenge," five Harvard Kennedy School professors explain the fundamentals of climate change, the role of our energy systems in causing it, and the policy and technology options for addressing it. In Lecture 6 of the series, Professor Henry Lee, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, covers what energy efficiency is, how it is measured, how it can contribute to climate mitigation, and how it can be incentivized in industry and transportation. Chinese-Language Version (中文版): https://youtu.be/UMbfuGuHArY Video Production: Alex Griswold The Belfer Center gratefully acknow